Name two measures of ovarian reserve used in the menopause transition.

• A. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count
• B. Progesterone and estradiol
• C. Luteinizing hormone and FSH
• D. Inhibin B and activin A

Answer: (A)

Ovarian reserve is the remaining pool of recruitable follicles in the ovaries, which declines as menopause approaches. Anti-Müllerian hormone comes from the granulosa cells of small growing follicles, so its blood level mirrors the size of this follicle pool. Because AMH is produced by early-stage follicles, it tends to be stable across the menstrual cycle, making it a convenient and reliable marker of overall ovarian reserve. Antral follicle count, determined by transvaginal ultrasound, directly counts the number of small follicles (antral follicles) visible in the ovaries, providing a concrete snapshot of how many recruitable follicles remain. Together, these two measures give a clear view of the remaining ovarian reserve during the menopause transition. Other hormones like FSH, inhibin B, and estradiol change with cycle phase and age and are less consistently informative on their own, especially in the transition period.