What are key metabolic concerns in PCOS?

• A. Anemia and thrombocytopenia
• B. Insulin resistance and dyslipidemia
• C. Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia
• D. Hypothyroidism and hyponatremia

Answer: (B)

The main idea here is recognizing the metabolic disturbances most closely linked to PCOS. Insulin resistance is common in PCOS, often with compensatory hyperinsulinemia. This metabolic state drives two key problems: the liver and adipose tissue respond with dyslipidemia—high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol—and glucose handling worsens, increasing the risk of impaired glucose tolerance and progression to type 2 diabetes. These metabolic features—insulin resistance with dyslipidemia—are central to PCOS and help explain why metabolic syndrome risk is higher in this population, even when obesity varies. Other options describe conditions like hematologic abnormalities, electrolyte disturbances, or thyroid-related issues, which are not core metabolic concerns of PCOS.