Which physical examination findings are important when evaluating abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)?

• A. Elevated prolactin levels
• B. Uterine or adnexal masses and signs of anemia
• C. Abdominal aortic aneurysm pulsation
• D. Skin rash on the trunk

Answer: (B)

Physical examination for abnormal uterine bleeding centers on identifying structural signs in the pelvis and the consequences of blood loss. A palpable uterine or adnexal mass points to structural causes such as fibroids, polyps, adenomyosis, or ovarian pathology that can drive heavy or irregular bleeding. Signs of anemia—pallor, tachycardia, or fatigue—reflect chronic or significant blood loss and help gauge urgency and need for treatment. While hormonal issues like elevated prolactin can cause menstrual irregularities, they aren’t pelvic findings seen on exam and aren’t the primary focus when evaluating AUB. Abdominal aortic aneurysm pulsation and a trunk skin rash don’t inform the uterine bleeding source and aren’t relevant to the AUB assessment.